前沿拓展：
环境介绍：CentOs7.3 64位系统 oracle 安装包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安装依赖包 （保证服务器连接网络 直接**即可自动下载安装）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改内核参数vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 输入：sysctl -p4.修改用户资源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出
5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i进入编辑模式添加如下内容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出7.创建oracle属组并添加oracle 用户并设置密码（依次执行下面命令即可 密码会要求输入两次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #设置oracle账户密码id oracle #查看用户id和所属组8.创建oracle安装目录并赋予 oracle用户访问权限（依次执行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #创建oracle数据库配置文件目录 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置环境变量（su – oracle 切换oracle用户 直接执行 vi .bash_profile 按i进入编辑模式 录入如下内容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出执行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.创建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc没有这个文件录入以下内容保存后会新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出11.上传安装文件并解压到 /mos/文件夹下（此时该文件夹下会生成一个database的文件夹） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安装应答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i进入编辑模式在对应的位置填入参数 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔细检查不要漏添错填 编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出//安装类型,只装数据库软件//主机名称（命令hostname查询）// 安装组//INVENTORY目录（**不填就是默认值,本例此 处需修改,因个人创建安装目录而定）// 选择语言// oracle_home *路径根据目录情况注意修改 本例安装路径/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定义安装，否，使用默认组件//dba用户组//oper用户组//数据库类型//globalDBName//SID（**此处注意与环境变量内配置SID一致）//自动管理内存的内存(M)//设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码//（手动写了false）// **注意此参数 设定一定要为true13.运行安装文件先使用root用户 给oracle用户赋予opt目录权限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切换为oracle执行以下安装**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分钟安装完成1.关闭安全措施# service iptables stop // 暂时关闭防火墙，重启系统后会自动打开# chkconfig iptables off // **关闭防火墙 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 关闭Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墙状态# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自启动服务用root用户增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb写入以下内容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服务中chkconfig –add oracledb查看执行结果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.开启停止EM启动emctl start dbconsole
停止emctl stop dbconsole
拓展知识：
win7安装苹果系统教程
苹果Mac电脑只装win7系统方法：
准备:
1.WINDOWS的镜像文件;(win7)
2.U盘;(建议使用8GB U盘，这样可以方便等一下直接将windows 镜像直接放在里面)
3.一台可用的PC机;(用于制作U盘启动)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系统的准备工具，就根据自己需求自行下载，比如windows 激活软件等。
详细步骤：
第1步，卸载MAC系统。
开机时按住option键，进入模式选择菜单，选择修复MAC 10.X，第二选择“磁盘工具”选项，进入之后在左边选择硬盘Macintosh，点击后边的“抹掉”，抹掉的时候注意，将硬盘格式一定要改为“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因为苹果的硬盘格式默认为HFS+格式，这个格式PE是没有办法去识别的，所以一定要改为FAT格式的。如果MAC电脑已经有几个分区，那都按照上面的办法一一的把每一个分区抹掉，格式改为“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其实也就是被困扰在这里，所以改格式很关键。
第2步，制作WINPE U盘启动工具
推荐使用 老毛桃 U盘启动。
按照里面的教程，下载并制作好winpe U盘启动设备。做好之后，把之前准备好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盘里面的“GHO文件夹”里面。
第3步，安装WINDOWS
把制作好的U盘插入电脑，同样，开机安装option键，出来选项之后，选择windows选项，此时电脑会进入读取U盘里面的winpe系统，
PS: 图中电脑系统已经是WINDOWS，所以左边那个盘也是WINDOWS，这个无关紧要，反正选如图中红色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下来会进入到菜单选项，如下图，选择第2个，“运行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精简版” 。
(PS: 在此说明一下，这边千万不要按照之前老毛桃网站里面的教程里面选【4】和【1】，“不进PE安装GHO到硬盘第一分区”，因为必须要再次对硬盘进行分区和格式化，所以还需要多一个步骤。)
第二开始加载，如下图，等待。
进入PE之后，先取消只能快速安装，还需要分区，点“取消”。
打开内置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分区工具”, 如下图：
进入分区工具之后，如下图，红框里面就是现在的硬盘分区状况，分别对着它们点右键，删除当前分区，不论弹出什么，点“是”。
删完了之后，红框里面的分区会合并成为一条会灰色的条(好像是灰色)，为未分区状态。
第二点上方的快速分区，如下图红框所示：
根据自己的需要对硬盘进行分区，格式建议还是选择NTFS格式，以后会省去很多的麻烦。
分好之后，确定，跑完了之后关掉分区工具就可以了。
第二现在再打开“我的电脑”，看看是不是按照选的那样，已经分区成功了，如果没有，重复做上面的动作，一定是哪个地方点错了，不管提示什么，选择“是”就对了。
现在再来“打开老毛桃PE一键装机”，如下图：
选择分好的系统盘C盘，确定，第二又开始跑。
至此，接下来就等着，加载好镜像之后电脑会自动重启，重启的时候会停在白色屏幕大概半分钟的时间，千万别心慌，正常的现象，静静的等着，第二WINDOWS开始安装，第二就好了。
第4步，安装驱动
因为现在的WINDOWS镜像基本都是内置好驱动安装程序的，所以安装WINDOWS的时候显卡，声卡等这些的驱动都一般会一起装好的，但是装好WINDOWS之后，会发现键盘灯不亮了，双指触摸的右键功能也没了，这时再打开前面准备好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下载好之后，解压出来，得到如下文件，如下图：
打开BootCamp文件夹，点击Setup，如下图：
第二就等着慢慢安装，大概5到8分钟。
安装好了之后，右下角MAC系统里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出现了。如下图：
第二按照习惯自己去设置，键盘灯也亮了，键盘的附属功能也有了。安装完成。
前沿拓展：
环境介绍：CentOs7.3 64位系统 oracle 安装包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安装依赖包 （保证服务器连接网络 直接**即可自动下载安装）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改内核参数vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 输入：sysctl -p4.修改用户资源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出
5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i进入编辑模式添加如下内容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出7.创建oracle属组并添加oracle 用户并设置密码（依次执行下面命令即可 密码会要求输入两次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #设置oracle账户密码id oracle #查看用户id和所属组8.创建oracle安装目录并赋予 oracle用户访问权限（依次执行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #创建oracle数据库配置文件目录 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置环境变量（su – oracle 切换oracle用户 直接执行 vi .bash_profile 按i进入编辑模式 录入如下内容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出执行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.创建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc没有这个文件录入以下内容保存后会新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出11.上传安装文件并解压到 /mos/文件夹下（此时该文件夹下会生成一个database的文件夹） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安装应答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i进入编辑模式在对应的位置填入参数 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔细检查不要漏添错填 编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出//安装类型,只装数据库软件//主机名称（命令hostname查询）// 安装组//INVENTORY目录（**不填就是默认值,本例此 处需修改,因个人创建安装目录而定）// 选择语言// oracle_home *路径根据目录情况注意修改 本例安装路径/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定义安装，否，使用默认组件//dba用户组//oper用户组//数据库类型//globalDBName//SID（**此处注意与环境变量内配置SID一致）//自动管理内存的内存(M)//设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码//（手动写了false）// **注意此参数 设定一定要为true13.运行安装文件先使用root用户 给oracle用户赋予opt目录权限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切换为oracle执行以下安装**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分钟安装完成1.关闭安全措施# service iptables stop // 暂时关闭防火墙，重启系统后会自动打开# chkconfig iptables off // **关闭防火墙 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 关闭Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墙状态# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自启动服务用root用户增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb写入以下内容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服务中chkconfig –add oracledb查看执行结果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.开启停止EM启动emctl start dbconsole
停止emctl stop dbconsole
拓展知识：
win7安装苹果系统教程
苹果Mac电脑只装win7系统方法：
准备:
1.WINDOWS的镜像文件;(win7)
2.U盘;(建议使用8GB U盘，这样可以方便等一下直接将windows 镜像直接放在里面)
3.一台可用的PC机;(用于制作U盘启动)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系统的准备工具，就根据自己需求自行下载，比如windows 激活软件等。
详细步骤：
第1步，卸载MAC系统。
开机时按住option键，进入模式选择菜单，选择修复MAC 10.X，第二选择“磁盘工具”选项，进入之后在左边选择硬盘Macintosh，点击后边的“抹掉”，抹掉的时候注意，将硬盘格式一定要改为“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因为苹果的硬盘格式默认为HFS+格式，这个格式PE是没有办法去识别的，所以一定要改为FAT格式的。如果MAC电脑已经有几个分区，那都按照上面的办法一一的把每一个分区抹掉，格式改为“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其实也就是被困扰在这里，所以改格式很关键。
第2步，制作WINPE U盘启动工具
推荐使用 老毛桃 U盘启动。
按照里面的教程，下载并制作好winpe U盘启动设备。做好之后，把之前准备好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盘里面的“GHO文件夹”里面。
第3步，安装WINDOWS
把制作好的U盘插入电脑，同样，开机安装option键，出来选项之后，选择windows选项，此时电脑会进入读取U盘里面的winpe系统，
PS: 图中电脑系统已经是WINDOWS，所以左边那个盘也是WINDOWS，这个无关紧要，反正选如图中红色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下来会进入到菜单选项，如下图，选择第2个，“运行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精简版” 。
(PS: 在此说明一下，这边千万不要按照之前老毛桃网站里面的教程里面选【4】和【1】，“不进PE安装GHO到硬盘第一分区”，因为必须要再次对硬盘进行分区和格式化，所以还需要多一个步骤。)
第二开始加载，如下图，等待。
进入PE之后，先取消只能快速安装，还需要分区，点“取消”。
打开内置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分区工具”, 如下图：
进入分区工具之后，如下图，红框里面就是现在的硬盘分区状况，分别对着它们点右键，删除当前分区，不论弹出什么，点“是”。
删完了之后，红框里面的分区会合并成为一条会灰色的条(好像是灰色)，为未分区状态。
第二点上方的快速分区，如下图红框所示：
根据自己的需要对硬盘进行分区，格式建议还是选择NTFS格式，以后会省去很多的麻烦。
分好之后，确定，跑完了之后关掉分区工具就可以了。
第二现在再打开“我的电脑”，看看是不是按照选的那样，已经分区成功了，如果没有，重复做上面的动作，一定是哪个地方点错了，不管提示什么，选择“是”就对了。
现在再来“打开老毛桃PE一键装机”，如下图：
选择分好的系统盘C盘，确定，第二又开始跑。
至此，接下来就等着，加载好镜像之后电脑会自动重启，重启的时候会停在白色屏幕大概半分钟的时间，千万别心慌，正常的现象，静静的等着，第二WINDOWS开始安装，第二就好了。
第4步，安装驱动
因为现在的WINDOWS镜像基本都是内置好驱动安装程序的，所以安装WINDOWS的时候显卡，声卡等这些的驱动都一般会一起装好的，但是装好WINDOWS之后，会发现键盘灯不亮了，双指触摸的右键功能也没了，这时再打开前面准备好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下载好之后，解压出来，得到如下文件，如下图：
打开BootCamp文件夹，点击Setup，如下图：
第二就等着慢慢安装，大概5到8分钟。
安装好了之后，右下角MAC系统里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出现了。如下图：
第二按照习惯自己去设置，键盘灯也亮了，键盘的附属功能也有了。安装完成。
前沿拓展：
环境介绍：CentOs7.3 64位系统 oracle 安装包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安装依赖包 （保证服务器连接网络 直接**即可自动下载安装）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改内核参数vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 输入：sysctl -p4.修改用户资源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出
5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i进入编辑模式添加如下内容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出7.创建oracle属组并添加oracle 用户并设置密码（依次执行下面命令即可 密码会要求输入两次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #设置oracle账户密码id oracle #查看用户id和所属组8.创建oracle安装目录并赋予 oracle用户访问权限（依次执行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #创建oracle数据库配置文件目录 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置环境变量（su – oracle 切换oracle用户 直接执行 vi .bash_profile 按i进入编辑模式 录入如下内容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出执行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.创建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc没有这个文件录入以下内容保存后会新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出11.上传安装文件并解压到 /mos/文件夹下（此时该文件夹下会生成一个database的文件夹） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安装应答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i进入编辑模式在对应的位置填入参数 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔细检查不要漏添错填 编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出//安装类型,只装数据库软件//主机名称（命令hostname查询）// 安装组//INVENTORY目录（**不填就是默认值,本例此 处需修改,因个人创建安装目录而定）// 选择语言// oracle_home *路径根据目录情况注意修改 本例安装路径/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定义安装，否，使用默认组件//dba用户组//oper用户组//数据库类型//globalDBName//SID（**此处注意与环境变量内配置SID一致）//自动管理内存的内存(M)//设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码//（手动写了false）// **注意此参数 设定一定要为true13.运行安装文件先使用root用户 给oracle用户赋予opt目录权限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切换为oracle执行以下安装**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分钟安装完成1.关闭安全措施# service iptables stop // 暂时关闭防火墙，重启系统后会自动打开# chkconfig iptables off // **关闭防火墙 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 关闭Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墙状态# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自启动服务用root用户增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb写入以下内容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服务中chkconfig –add oracledb查看执行结果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.开启停止EM启动emctl start dbconsole
停止emctl stop dbconsole
拓展知识：
win7安装苹果系统教程
苹果Mac电脑只装win7系统方法：
准备:
1.WINDOWS的镜像文件;(win7)
2.U盘;(建议使用8GB U盘，这样可以方便等一下直接将windows 镜像直接放在里面)
3.一台可用的PC机;(用于制作U盘启动)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系统的准备工具，就根据自己需求自行下载，比如windows 激活软件等。
详细步骤：
第1步，卸载MAC系统。
开机时按住option键，进入模式选择菜单，选择修复MAC 10.X，第二选择“磁盘工具”选项，进入之后在左边选择硬盘Macintosh，点击后边的“抹掉”，抹掉的时候注意，将硬盘格式一定要改为“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因为苹果的硬盘格式默认为HFS+格式，这个格式PE是没有办法去识别的，所以一定要改为FAT格式的。如果MAC电脑已经有几个分区，那都按照上面的办法一一的把每一个分区抹掉，格式改为“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其实也就是被困扰在这里，所以改格式很关键。
第2步，制作WINPE U盘启动工具
推荐使用 老毛桃 U盘启动。
按照里面的教程，下载并制作好winpe U盘启动设备。做好之后，把之前准备好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盘里面的“GHO文件夹”里面。
第3步，安装WINDOWS
把制作好的U盘插入电脑，同样，开机安装option键，出来选项之后，选择windows选项，此时电脑会进入读取U盘里面的winpe系统，
PS: 图中电脑系统已经是WINDOWS，所以左边那个盘也是WINDOWS，这个无关紧要，反正选如图中红色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下来会进入到菜单选项，如下图，选择第2个，“运行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精简版” 。
(PS: 在此说明一下，这边千万不要按照之前老毛桃网站里面的教程里面选【4】和【1】，“不进PE安装GHO到硬盘第一分区”，因为必须要再次对硬盘进行分区和格式化，所以还需要多一个步骤。)
第二开始加载，如下图，等待。
进入PE之后，先取消只能快速安装，还需要分区，点“取消”。
打开内置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分区工具”, 如下图：
进入分区工具之后，如下图，红框里面就是现在的硬盘分区状况，分别对着它们点右键，删除当前分区，不论弹出什么，点“是”。
删完了之后，红框里面的分区会合并成为一条会灰色的条(好像是灰色)，为未分区状态。
第二点上方的快速分区，如下图红框所示：
根据自己的需要对硬盘进行分区，格式建议还是选择NTFS格式，以后会省去很多的麻烦。
分好之后，确定，跑完了之后关掉分区工具就可以了。
第二现在再打开“我的电脑”，看看是不是按照选的那样，已经分区成功了，如果没有，重复做上面的动作，一定是哪个地方点错了，不管提示什么，选择“是”就对了。
现在再来“打开老毛桃PE一键装机”，如下图：
选择分好的系统盘C盘，确定，第二又开始跑。
至此，接下来就等着，加载好镜像之后电脑会自动重启，重启的时候会停在白色屏幕大概半分钟的时间，千万别心慌，正常的现象，静静的等着，第二WINDOWS开始安装，第二就好了。
第4步，安装驱动
因为现在的WINDOWS镜像基本都是内置好驱动安装程序的，所以安装WINDOWS的时候显卡，声卡等这些的驱动都一般会一起装好的，但是装好WINDOWS之后，会发现键盘灯不亮了，双指触摸的右键功能也没了，这时再打开前面准备好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下载好之后，解压出来，得到如下文件，如下图：
打开BootCamp文件夹，点击Setup，如下图：
第二就等着慢慢安装，大概5到8分钟。
安装好了之后，右下角MAC系统里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出现了。如下图：
第二按照习惯自己去设置，键盘灯也亮了，键盘的附属功能也有了。安装完成。
前沿拓展：
环境介绍：CentOs7.3 64位系统 oracle 安装包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安装依赖包 （保证服务器连接网络 直接**即可自动下载安装）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改内核参数vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 输入：sysctl -p4.修改用户资源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出
5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i进入编辑模式在最后添加如下内容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i进入编辑模式添加如下内容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出7.创建oracle属组并添加oracle 用户并设置密码（依次执行下面命令即可 密码会要求输入两次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #设置oracle账户密码id oracle #查看用户id和所属组8.创建oracle安装目录并赋予 oracle用户访问权限（依次执行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #创建oracle数据库配置文件目录 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置环境变量（su – oracle 切换oracle用户 直接执行 vi .bash_profile 按i进入编辑模式 录入如下内容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出执行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.创建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc没有这个文件录入以下内容保存后会新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出11.上传安装文件并解压到 /mos/文件夹下（此时该文件夹下会生成一个database的文件夹） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安装应答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i进入编辑模式在对应的位置填入参数 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔细检查不要漏添错填 编辑完成后按Esc键，输入“:wq”存盘退出//安装类型,只装数据库软件//主机名称（命令hostname查询）// 安装组//INVENTORY目录（**不填就是默认值,本例此 处需修改,因个人创建安装目录而定）// 选择语言// oracle_home *路径根据目录情况注意修改 本例安装路径/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定义安装，否，使用默认组件//dba用户组//oper用户组//数据库类型//globalDBName//SID（**此处注意与环境变量内配置SID一致）//自动管理内存的内存(M)//设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码//（手动写了false）// **注意此参数 设定一定要为true13.运行安装文件先使用root用户 给oracle用户赋予opt目录权限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切换为oracle执行以下安装**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分钟安装完成1.关闭安全措施# service iptables stop // 暂时关闭防火墙，重启系统后会自动打开# chkconfig iptables off // **关闭防火墙 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 关闭Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墙状态# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享内存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自启动服务用root用户增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb写入以下内容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服务中chkconfig –add oracledb查看执行结果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.开启停止EM启动emctl start dbconsole
停止emctl stop dbconsole
拓展知识：
win7安装苹果系统教程
苹果Mac电脑只装win7系统方法：
准备:
1.WINDOWS的镜像文件;(win7)
2.U盘;(建议使用8GB U盘，这样可以方便等一下直接将windows 镜像直接放在里面)
3.一台可用的PC机;(用于制作U盘启动)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系统的准备工具，就根据自己需求自行下载，比如windows 激活软件等。
详细步骤：
第1步，卸载MAC系统。
开机时按住option键，进入模式选择菜单，选择修复MAC 10.X，第二选择“磁盘工具”选项，进入之后在左边选择硬盘Macintosh，点击后边的“抹掉”，抹掉的时候注意，将硬盘格式一定要改为“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因为苹果的硬盘格式默认为HFS+格式，这个格式PE是没有办法去识别的，所以一定要改为FAT格式的。如果MAC电脑已经有几个分区，那都按照上面的办法一一的把每一个分区抹掉，格式改为“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其实也就是被困扰在这里，所以改格式很关键。
第2步，制作WINPE U盘启动工具
推荐使用 老毛桃 U盘启动。
按照里面的教程，下载并制作好winpe U盘启动设备。做好之后，把之前准备好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盘里面的“GHO文件夹”里面。
第3步，安装WINDOWS
把制作好的U盘插入电脑，同样，开机安装option键，出来选项之后，选择windows选项，此时电脑会进入读取U盘里面的winpe系统，
PS: 图中电脑系统已经是WINDOWS，所以左边那个盘也是WINDOWS，这个无关紧要，反正选如图中红色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下来会进入到菜单选项，如下图，选择第2个，“运行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精简版” 。
(PS: 在此说明一下，这边千万不要按照之前老毛桃网站里面的教程里面选【4】和【1】，“不进PE安装GHO到硬盘第一分区”，因为必须要再次对硬盘进行分区和格式化，所以还需要多一个步骤。)
第二开始加载，如下图，等待。
进入PE之后，先取消只能快速安装，还需要分区，点“取消”。
打开内置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分区工具”, 如下图：
进入分区工具之后，如下图，红框里面就是现在的硬盘分区状况，分别对着它们点右键，删除当前分区，不论弹出什么，点“是”。
删完了之后，红框里面的分区会合并成为一条会灰色的条(好像是灰色)，为未分区状态。
第二点上方的快速分区，如下图红框所示：
根据自己的需要对硬盘进行分区，格式建议还是选择NTFS格式，以后会省去很多的麻烦。
分好之后，确定，跑完了之后关掉分区工具就可以了。
第二现在再打开“我的电脑”，看看是不是按照选的那样，已经分区成功了，如果没有，重复做上面的动作，一定是哪个地方点错了，不管提示什么，选择“是”就对了。
现在再来“打开老毛桃PE一键装机”，如下图：
选择分好的系统盘C盘，确定，第二又开始跑。
至此，接下来就等着，加载好镜像之后电脑会自动重启，重启的时候会停在白色屏幕大概半分钟的时间，千万别心慌，正常的现象，静静的等着，第二WINDOWS开始安装，第二就好了。
第4步，安装驱动
因为现在的WINDOWS镜像基本都是内置好驱动安装程序的，所以安装WINDOWS的时候显卡，声卡等这些的驱动都一般会一起装好的，但是装好WINDOWS之后，会发现键盘灯不亮了，双指触摸的右键功能也没了，这时再打开前面准备好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下载好之后，解压出来，得到如下文件，如下图：
打开BootCamp文件夹，点击Setup，如下图：
第二就等着慢慢安装，大概5到8分钟。
安装好了之后，右下角MAC系统里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出现了。如下图：
第二按照习惯自己去设置，键盘灯也亮了，键盘的附属功能也有了。安装完成。
原创文章，作者：九贤生活小编，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.wangguangwei.com/106068.html
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